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POLARIS Engine manufacturers:
STARK
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LuK
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FEBI BILSTEIN
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DIEDERICHS
- Oil Viscosity Classification SAE: 5W-30
- Content [litre]: 4
- Specification: ACEA C2, API SN, ACEA C3
- Recommendations: VW 505 01, BMW Longlife-04, MB 229.52, DEXOS 2, MB 229.51, MB 229.31, Chrysler MS-11106, Fiat 9.55535-S1, Fiat 9.55535-S3, Renault RN17, Renault RN0700, Renault RN0710, PSA B71 2290, Ford WSS-M2C934-A, Toyota 08880-83388, Toyota 08880-83389, Mazda 183418, Mazda 183419, STJLR.03.5005, Iveco 18-1811 SC1, Ford WSS-M2C934-B
- Product line: O.E.M.
- Version: 7701
- Oil: Synthetic Oil
- Condition: New
- Oil Viscosity Classification SAE: 5W-30
- Content [litre]: 5
- Specification: API CH-4, ACEA A3/B4, API SN
- Recommendations: VW 503 01, Ford WSS-M2C913-B, VW 502 00, VW 505 00, MB 229.3, VW 501 01, MB 229.5, BMW Longlife-98, Renault RN0710, Renault RN0700
- Product line: ENERGY
- Oil: Part Synthetic Oil
- Condition: New
- Oil Viscosity Classification SAE: 5W-40
- Content [litre]: 5
- Specification: API SN, API CH-4, ACEA A3/B4, JASO MA-2
- Recommendations: VW 502 00, VW 505 00, MB 229.3, MB 226.5, GM LL-A-025, GM LL-B-025, Renault RN0700, Renault RN0710, Porsche A40, MB 229.5, BMW Longlife-01, BMW Longlife-98, PSA B71 2296, Fiat 9.55535-H2, Fiat 9.55535-Z2, Chrysler MS-10850, Chrysler MS-10896, Chrysler MS-12991
- Product line: EXTREME
- Condition: New
- Oil Viscosity Classification SAE: 5W-30
- Content [litre]: 5
- Specification: API SN, ACEA A5/B5
- Recommendations: Ford WSS-M2C913-D, Ford WSS-M2C913-C, Ford WSS-M2C913-B, Ford WSS-M2C913-A, Volvo VCC 95200377, MB 229.6, VW 503 00, Fiat 9.55535-G1, STJLR.03.5003
- Product line: O.E.M.
- Version: 7707
- Oil: Synthetic Oil
- Condition: New
- Oil Viscosity Classification SAE: 5W-30
- Content [litre]: 5
- Specification: ACEA C3, API CH-4, ACEA C2, API SN
- Recommendations: MB 229.52, MB 229.31, VW 505 01, MB 229.51, BMW Longlife-04, DEXOS 2, Renault RN0700, Renault RN0710, MB 226.5
- Product line: ENERGY PREMIUM
- Oil: Synthetic Oil
- Condition: New
- Oil Viscosity Classification SAE: 10W-40
- Content [litre]: 5
- Specification: ACEA A3/B4, API SN, API CF
- Recommendations: Renault RN0700, Renault RN0710, PSA B71 2300, MB 229.3, VW 501 01, VW 505 00
- Packing Type: Canister
- Version: SYNERGIE+
- Product line: 6100
- Engine Features/Arrangement: 4-Stroke
- Vehicle type: Car
- Condition: New
Engine: operating principle, malfunctions, repair and replacement
An engine is one of the most important units of a vehicle. It is designed to convert thermal energy into mechanical one. This unit ensures wheels rotation.
Main types
By fuel type:
- Petrol. These engines ignite the compressed air-fuel mixture with the help of an electric spark.
- Diesel. Their operating principle is based on the ability of sprayed fuel to self-ignite when it comes in contact with compressed air.
By the method of air supply:
- Naturally aspirated engines. Vacuum in the engine’s cylinder ensures air or air-fuel mixture feed.
- Turbocharged. Air or air-fuel mixture are supplied to the cylinders under pressure created by a turbocharger. This allows to increase engine power and performance.
Main components and operation specifics of the engine
Major parts of an engine are crankcase, engine cylinder block and its head. The latter has places to mount spark plugs as well as ports for air-fuel mixture intake and exhaust. These ports are closed with valves. A piston connected to the connecting rod moves inside the cylinder. The con rod is attached to the crankshaft which in turn is connected to the camshaft via timing belt or chain. The camshaft controls the opening and closing of the valves. There is a flywheel at the other end of the crankshaft, the torque of which is transmitted to the wheels by a gearbox. Moving components of the unit are lubricated with the oil from the crankcase. To prevent the ingress of oil into the combustion chambers, the pistons are equipped with special rings and the valves with stem seals.
Engine cylinder block and its head have special ports for coolant and oil. The joint between the engine cylinder block and cylinder head is sealed with a gasket.
Most common malfunctions
- Carbon deposits on the cylinder walls and other engine components. Such deposits may build up due to worn-out piston rings or valve stem seals.
- Worn-out components of the cylinder-piston group. This happens due to engine overheating, poor lubrication or the ingress of dirt into the combustion chambers through the EGR valve.
- Burnt piston. This may be a result of a faulty cooling system, use of petrol with lower octane numbers, incorrect ignition timing or fuel supply advance angle, knocking, long-time glow plug ignition, injector failure.
- Faulty valves. The failure of these components can be caused by torn timing belt or chain.
Proven ways to extend the service life of the engine
To ensure long and efficient operation of a power unit, you should timely change oil and replace oil, fuel, air filters. Only use the lubricants recommended by the car manufacturer. When replacing the engine cylinder head gasket, keep to the tightening torque for threaded fasteners specified in the technical documents. When it’s cold, let your engine warm up well before running at high RPM.
What you should know about repairing engines
The volume of work depends on the malfunction type. As a rule, it is enough to replace faulty components such as valves, hydraulic valve lifters and seals.
A major engine overhaul implies its complete disassembly. This allows to clean the motor, to rebore its cylinders or to install cylinder sleeves, as well as to replace pistons and piston rings. If the engine cylinder block or its head are cracked, they have to be replaced. If there is a gap between the cylinder block and its head, these components have to be resurfaced. As soon as the power unit has been assembled again, it should be adjusted and tested at special stands.
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