Belt / chain drive is available for 172 car brands
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Belt and chain drives: operating principle, malfunctions, repair and replacement
Belt and chain drives synchronize the rotation of the engine’s crankshaft and camshaft. They also power engine accessories.
Main types
By intended purpose:
- Timing drive. This drive can apply both belts and chains.
- Accessory drive. Only belts are used.
By belt type:
- Serpentine belt (v-ribbed belt). A torque is transmitted by means of the friction force.
- Toothed belt. The operating principle of the system is based on the meshing of the belt teeth with pulley grooves.
By chain type:
- Roller chain. It consists of alternating links of two types.
- Leaf chain. This one is made up of small metal plates and pins.
Main components and operation specifics of belt and chain drives
Tensioners are used to ensure proper belt or chain tensioning. Belt drives feature either manually or automatically adjustable pulleys. Chain drives have a special hydraulic tensioner with a slipper. Accessory drive systems comprise much more units. There you can find idlers that alter the path of the belt and ensure its secure contact with the engine accessory pulleys.
Most common malfunctions
- A worn-out belt material. This may happen due to undertensioned belt, improper pulley alignment or installation of a new part on the old drive components.
- Damaged fabric layer or tensile cord. The reasons for it can be the belt wobbling and the fact that the belt comes in contact with other components like flanges or bolts.
- Belt slipping and overheating. This may happen if the component becomes greasy because of bad seals.
- Cracks, grooves and barbs on tensioner pulleys. They can be caused by an overtightened belt.
- Tensioner pulley jams due to the damaged bearing.
- Faulty hydraulic chain tensioner. The reasons for it can be a stuck valve, a loose spring and clogged passages caused by untimely oil change.
Proven ways to extend the lifespan of the system
Proper belt or chain tension provides a long and flawless operation of the mechanisms. It should be adjusted not only when installed but during operation as well. All components of belt and chain drives should be replaced in kit with tensioner and idler pulleys, tensioners, and, if necessary, pulleys of the driven units. You should also change the motor oil in good time. Contaminated oil negatively affects the operation of tensioners, thus reducing the efficiency and working lifespan of belt and chain drives.
What you should know about repairing the belt and chain drives
These components can’t be repaired. If they fail, they have to be replaced. Using faulty parts may lead to malfunctions of the engine and its accessories.
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